Oxidation dyeing composition for keratinous fibers comprising an associative polymer and a pearling agent

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns a composition for dyeing keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers and more particularly hair, comprising, in a medium suitable for dyeing, at least an oxidation dye and at least an associative polymer, characterized in that it further comprises at least a pearling agent selected among coated or uncoated titanium oxides and mica titanium. The invention also concerns dyeing methods and devices using said composition.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a 371 of the application PCT/FR01/03691 filed on Nov. 22, 2001 and claims priority of France 0015681 filed on Dec. 04, 2000.

The invention relates to a composition for the oxidation dyeing of keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers, and more particularly hair, comprising, in an appropriate medium for dyeing, at least one oxidation dye and at least one associative polymer, and which is characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one pearling agent chosen from coated or uncoated titanium oxides and mica-titaniums.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention also relates to the dyeing methods and devices using said composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the hair domain, it is possible to distinguish two types of dyeing.

The first is semipermanent or temporary dyeing, or direct dyeing, which involves dyes capable of giving the natural coloration of the hair a more or less marked color modification which is possibly resistant to several shampooings. These dyes are called direct dyes.

The second is permanent dyeing or oxidation dyeing. The latter is carried out with so-called “oxidation” dyes comprising oxidation dye precursors and couplers. The oxidation dye precursors, commonly called “oxidation bases”, are compounds which are initially colorless or faintly colored which develop their dyeing power inside the hair in the presence of oxidizing agents added at the time of use, leading to the formation of colored and dyeing compounds. The formation of these colored and dyeing compounds results either from an oxidative condensation of the “oxidation bases” with themselves, or from an oxidative condensation of the “oxidation bases” with color modifying compounds commonly called “couplers” and generally present in the dyeing compositions used in oxidation dyeing.

The variety of molecules used, which consist, on the one hand, of the oxidation bases and, on the other hand, of the couplers, makes it possible to obtain a very rich palette of colors.

To further vary the shades obtained with said oxidation dyes, or to increase their glint, direct dyes are sometimes added to them.

The so-called “permanent” dyeing obtained using these oxidation dyes should moreover satisfy a number of requirements. Thus it should make it possible to obtain shades in the desired intensity and should exhibit good resistance to external agents (light, adverse weather conditions, washing, permanent waving, perspiration, rubbing).

The dyes should also make it possible to cover gray hair, and should finally be the least selective possible, that is to say they should make it possible to obtain the smallest possible differences in coloration all along the same keratinous fiber, which may indeed be differently sensitized (i.e. damaged) between its tip and its root.

Compositions which contain these oxidation dyes and which are mixed before use with an oxidizing agent are often provided in the form of water-based creams conventionally comprising fatty alcohols, oxyalkylenated fatty alcohols, and sometimes soaps.

To confine the oxidation dyeing product upon application to the hair so that it does not run over the face or outside the areas which it is desired to dye, associative polymers of the anionic, nonionic or cationic type, and preferably of the nonionic type, have recently been introduced into these compositions.

However, creams based on associative polymers contain a lot more water than conventional creams. With this aqueous medium more rich in water than in the prior art formulations, premature oxidation of the oxidation dyes may occur before their application to the fibers and this may result in colors with shades which are less intense than those expected.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The Applicant has now discovered, quite unexpectedly and surprisingly, novel dyeing compositions, which are optimum as regards application to fibers (they do not run and they therefore remain better confined to the site of application), and which make it possible to obtain intense shades with low selectivities and good fastness, said dyeing compositions comprising in the dye composition, in addition to at least one associative polymer, an effective quantity of at least one pearling agent chosen from coated or uncoated titanium oxides and mica-titaniums.

This discovery forms the basis of the present invention.

The subject of the present invention is thus a novel composition for the oxidation dyeing of keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers, and more particularly hair, comprising, in an appropriate medium for dyeing, at least one oxidation dye and at least one associative polymer, and which is characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one pearling agent chosen from the group consisting of coated or uncoated titanium oxides and mica-titaniums.

Said composition according to the invention gives, after mixing with the oxidizing agent, a composition which is more esthetic and more creamy in appearance, and which consumers and hairdressing salon technicians find a lot more satisfactory.

Another subject of the present invention relates to a ready-to-use composition for the oxidation dyeing of keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers, and more particularly hair, comprising at least one oxidation dye, at least one associative polymer, at least one pearling agent chosen from the group consisting of coated or uncoated titanium oxides and mica-titaniums, and additionally at least one oxidizing agent.

For the purposes of the present invention, the expression ready-to-use composition is understood to mean any composition intended to be applied immediately to keratinous fibers; it can therefore be stored as it is before use or result from mixing two or more compositions immediately before use.

The invention also relates to a method for the oxidation dyeing of keratinous fibers, in particular human keratinous fibers, and more particularly hair, consisting in applying to the fibers at least one dye composition containing, in an appropriate medium for dyeing, at least one oxidation dye, and at least one pearling agent chosen from the group consisting of coated or uncoated titanium oxides and mica-titaniums, the color being developed at alkaline, neutral or acidic pH, using an oxidizing composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent which is mixed at the time of use with the dye composition or which is sequentially applied with no intermediate rinsing, at least one associative polymer being present in the dye composition or in the oxidizing composition or in each of said compositions.

In a preferred method, the associative polymer(s) are present in the dye composition.

The subject of the invention is also multicompartment dyeing devices or kits.

A two-compartment device according to the invention comprises a compartment containing a dye composition comprising, in an appropriate medium for dyeing, at least one oxidation dye and at least one pearling agent chosen from the group consisting of coated or uncoated titanium oxides and mica-titaniums, and another compartment containing an oxidizing composition comprising, in an appropriate medium for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent, at least one associative polymer being present in the dye composition or the oxidizing composition, or in each of these compositions.

However, other characteristics, aspects, subjects and advantages of the invention will emerge even more clearly on reading the description and the examples which follow.

Pearling Agents

For the purposes of the present invention, the expression pearling agent is understood to mean an agent which produces an iridescent, shimmering or metallic effect or appearance.

The titanium oxides which can be used according to the invention have in particular a particle size of between 2 and 500 nanometers, preferably between 2 and 300 nanometers and still more particularly less than 50 nanometers.

Among the uncoated titanium oxides, the following products may be mentioned in particular:

-   -   as a powder:

-   BAYERTITAN and DIOXYDE DE TITANE A provided by the company BAYER;     70110 CARDRE UF TIO2 provided by the company CARDRE;     -   as a 10%, 20% or 30% aqueous dispersion and with a particle size         of 15, 20 or 60 nanometers:

-   SUNVEIL 1010, 1020, 1030, 2020, 2030, 6010, 6030 provided by the     company CATALYSTS & CHEMICALS;

-   MICRO TITANIUM DIOXIDE-USP GRADE provided by the company COLOR     TECHNIQUES.

Among the coated titanium oxides, the following products may be mentioned in particular:

-   -   those coated with polydimethylsiloxane (CARDRE ULTRAFINE         TITANIUM DIOXIDE AS provided by the company CARDRE);     -   those coated with polymethylhydrogenosiloxane (untreated         titanium oxide coated with polymethylhydrogenosiloxane sold         under the trade name Cosmetic White SA-C47-051-10 by the company         MYOSHI);     -   those coated with perfluoropolymethyl isopropyl ether (CARDRE         MICA FHC 70173 OR 70170 CARDRE UF TIO2 FHC provided by the         company CARDRE);     -   those coated with silica (SPHERITITAN AB provided by the company         CATALYSTS & CHEMICALS;     -   those coated with teflon (CS-13997 TEFLON COATED TITANIUM         DIOXIDE provided by the company CLARK COLORS);     -   those coated with polyester (EXPERIMENTAL DESOTO BEADS provided         by the company DESOTO);     -   those coated with chitosan (CT-2 TITANIUM DIOXIDE MT-500SA         provided by the company DAINIHON KASEI);     -   those coated with N-lauroyl-L-lysine (LL-5 TITANIUM DIOXIDE A         100, or alternatively LL-3 TITANIUM DIOXIDE MT-100SA, or         alternatively LL-5 TITANIUM DIOXIDE CR-50, or alternatively LL-5         TITANIUM DIOXIDE MT-100SA, or alternatively LL-5 TITANIUM         DIOXIDE MT-500SA, provided by the company DAINIHON KASEI.

Among the mica-titaniums, the following products may be mentioned in particular:

-   FLONAC FS 20 C, FLONAC ME 10 C, FLONAC MG 10 C, FLONAC Ml 10 C,     FLONAC ML 10 C, FLONAC MS 10 C provided by the company ECKART; -   TIMICA IRIDESCENT RED, or alternatively MATTINA GREEN provided by     the company ENGELHARD; -   MATTINA GREEN, or alternatively TIMIRON GREEN MP-165 (17212), or     alternatively TIMIRON STARLUSTER MP-115 (17200), or alternatively     TIMIRON SUPER SPARKLE MP-148 (17297) provided by the company MERCK.

According to the invention, the pearling agent(s) represent about 0.05% to 2% by weight, preferably about 0.1% to 1% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

Associative Polymers Used According to the Invention

Associative polymers are water-soluble polymers which are capable, in an aqueous medium, of reversibly combining with each other or with other molecules.

Their chemical structure comprises hydrophilic regions, and hydrophobic regions which are characterized by at least one fatty chain.

The associative polymers according to the invention may be of the anionic, cationic, amphoteric and preferably nonionic type.

Associative Polymers of the Anionic Type:

There may be mentioned among them:

-   -   (I) those comprising at least one hydrophilic unit and at least         one allyl ether unit containing a fatty chain, more particularly         those in which the hydrophilic unit consists of an ethylenic         unsaturated anionic monomer, more particularly still of a         vinylcarboxylic acid and most particularly of an acrylic acid, a         methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof, and in which the allyl         ether unit containing a fatty chain corresponds to the monomer         having the following formula (I):         CH₂═CR′CH₂OB_(n)R  (I)         in which R′ denotes H or CH₃, B denotes the ethyleneoxy radical,         n is zero or denotes an integer ranging from 1 to 100, R denotes         a hydrocarbon radical chosen from the alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl,         alkylaryl or cycloalkyl radicals, comprising from 8 to 30 carbon         atoms, preferably 10 to 24, and more particularly still from 12         to 18 carbon atoms. A more particularly preferred unit of         formula (I) is a unit in which R′ denotes H, n is equal to 10,         and R denotes a stearyl (C₁₈) radical.

Anionic associative polymers of this type are described and prepared, according to a method of polymerization in emulsion, in patent EP-0,216,479.

Among these anionic associative polymers, the polymers formed from 20 to 60% by weight of acrylic acid and/or of methacrylic acid, from 5 to 60% by weight of lower alkyl (meth)acrylates, from 2 to 50% by weight of allyl ether containing a fatty chain of formula (I), and from 0 to 1% by weight of a crosslinking agent which is a well-known copolymerizable polyethylenic unsaturated monomer such as diallyl phthalate, allyl (meth)acrylate, divinylbenzene, (poly)ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and methylenebisacrylamide, are particularly preferred according to the invention.

Among the latter, the crosslinked terpolymers of methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol (10 EO) stearyl alcohol ether (Steareth 10), in particular those sold by the company ALLIED COLLOIDS under the names SALCARE SC 80® and SALCARE SC 90® which are aqueous emulsions containing 30% of a crosslinked terpolymer of methacrylic acid, of ethyl acrylate and of steareth-10-allyl ether (40/50/10) are most particularly preferred.

-   -   (II) those comprising at least one hydrophilic unit of the         olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acid type and at least one         hydrophobic unit of the (C₁₀-C₃₀)alkyl ester of unsaturated         carboxylic acid type.

Preferably, these polymers are chosen from those whose hydrophilic unit of the olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acid type corresponds to the monomer having the following formula (II):

in which R₁ denotes H or CH₃ or C₂H₅, that is to say acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or ethacrylic acid units, and whose hydrophobic unit of the (C₁₀-C₃₀)alkyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid type corresponds to the monomer having the following formula (III):

in which R₂ denotes H or CH₃ or C₂H₅ (that is to say acrylate, methacrylate or ethacrylate units) and preferably H (acrylate units) or CH₃ (methacrylate units), R₃ denoting a C₁₀-C₃₀, and preferably C₁₂-C₂₂, alkyl radical.

(C₁₀-C₃₀)alkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids in accordance with the invention comprise for example lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, and the corresponding methacrylates, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate and dodecyl methacrylate.

Anionic polymers of this type are for example described and prepared according to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,915,921 and 4,509,949.

Among this type of anionic associative polymers, there will be more particularly used polymers formed from a mixture of monomers comprising:

(i) essentially acrylic acid,

(ii) an ester having the formula (III) described above and in which R₂ denotes H or CH₃, R₃ denoting an alkyl radical having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms,

(iii) and a crosslinking agent, which is a well-known copolymerizable polyethylenic unsaturated monomer such as diallyl phthalate, allyl (meth)acrylate, divinylbenzene, (poly)ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and methylenebisacrylamide.

Among this type of anionic associative polymers, there will be more particularly used those consisting of 95 to 60% by weight of acrylic acid (hydrophilic unit), 4 to 40% by weight of C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl acrylate (hydrophobic unit), and 0 to 6% by weight of crosslinking polymerizable monomer, or alternatively those consisting of 98 to 96% by weight of acrylic acid (hydrophilic unit), 1 to 4% by weight of C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl acrylate (hydrophobic unit) and 0.1 to 0.6% by weight of crosslinking polymerizable monomer such as those described above.

Among said above polymers, the products sold by the company GOODRICH under the trade names PEMULEN TR1®, PEMULEN TR2®, CARBOPOL 1382®, and still more preferably PEMULEN TR1®, and the product sold by the company S.E.P.P.I.C. under the name COATEX SX®, are most particularly preferred according to the present invention.

-   -   (III) the terpolymers of maleic anhydride/C₃₀-C₃₈ α-olefin/alkyl         maleate such as the product (maleic anhydride/C₃₀-C₃₈         α-olefin/isopropyl maleate copolymer) sold under the name         PERFORMA V 1608® by the company NEWPHASE TECHNOLOGIES.     -   (IV) the acrylic terpolymers comprising:

-   (a) about 20% to 70% by weight of a carboxylic acid with     α,β-monoethylenic unsaturation,

-   (b) about 20 to 80% by weight of a nonsurfactant monomer with     α,β-monoethylenic unsaturation different from (a),

-   (c) about 0.5 to 60% by weight of a nonionic monourethane which is     the product of the reaction of a monohydric surfactant with a     monoisocyanate with monoethylenic unsaturation,     such as those described in patent application EP-A-0,173,109 and     more particularly that described in Example 3, namely a methacrylic     acid/methyl acrylate/dimethyl metaisopropenyl benzyl isocyanate of     ethoxylated (40 EO) behenyl alcohol terpolymer in 25% aqueous     dispersion.     -   (V) the copolymers comprising among their monomers a carboxylic         acid with α,β-monoethylenic unsaturation and an ester of a         carboxylic acid with α,β-monoethylenic unsaturation and an         oxyalkylenated fatty alcohol.

Preferably, these compounds also comprise, as monomer, an ester of a carboxylic acid with α,β-monoethylenic unsaturation and a C1C4 alcohol.

By way of example of this type of compound, there may be mentioned ACULYN 22® sold by the company ROHM and HAAS, which is an oxyalkylenated stearyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid terpolymer.

Associative Polymers of the Cationic Type

There may be mentioned among them:

-   -   (I) the cationic associative polyurethanes the family of which         has been described by the Applicant in French Patent Application         No. 0009609; it can be represented by the following general         formula (Ia):         R—X—(P)_(n)-[L-(Y)_(m)]_(r)-L′-(P′)_(p)—X′—R′  (Ia)         in which:     -   R and R′, which are identical or different, represent a         hydrophobic group or a hydrogen atom;     -   X and X′, which are identical or different, represent a group         containing an amine functional group carrying or otherwise a         hydrophobic group, or alternatively the group L″;     -   L, L′ and L″, which are identical or different, represent a         group derived from a diisocyanate;     -   P and P′, which are identical or different, represent a group         containing an amine functional group carrying or otherwise a         hydrophobic group;     -   Y represents a hydrophilic group;     -   r is an integer between 1 and 100, preferably between 1 and 50         and in particular between 1 and 25;     -   n, m and p are each independently of the others between 0 and         1000;     -   the molecule containing at least one protonated or quaternized         amine functional group and at least one hydrophobic group.

In a preferred embodiment of these polyurethanes, the only hydrophobic groups are the groups R and R′ at the chain ends.

A preferred family of cationic associative polyurethanes is that corresponding to the formula (Ia) described above and in which:

-   -   R and R′ both represent independently a hydrophobic group,     -   X, X′ each represent a group L″,     -   n and p are between 1 and 1000, and     -   L, L′, L″, P, P′, Y and m have the meaning indicated above.

Another preferred family of cationic associative polyurethanes is that corresponding to the formula (Ia) above in which:

-   -   R and R′ both represent independently a hydrophobic group, X, X′         each represent a group L″, n and p are equal to 0, and L, L′,         L″, Y and m have the meaning indicated above.     -   The fact that n and p are equal to 0 means that these polymers         do not contain units derived from a monomer containing an amine         functional group, incorporated into the polymer during         polycondensation. The protonated amine functional groups of         these polyurethanes result from the hydrolysis of isocyanate         functional groups, in excess, at the chain end, followed by         alkylation of the primary amine functional groups formed by         alkylating agents containing a hydrophobic group, that is to say         compounds of the RQ or R′Q type, in which R and R′ are as         defined above and Q denotes a leaving group such as a halide, a         sulfate and the like.

Yet another preferred family of cationic associative polyurethanes is that corresponding to the formula (Ia) above in which:

-   -   R and R′ both represent independently a hydrophobic group,     -   X and X′ both represent independently a group containing a         quaternary amine,     -   n and p are equal to zero, and     -   L, L′, Y and m have the meaning indicated above.

The number-average molecular mass of the cationic associative polyurethanes is preferably between 400 and 500 000, in particular between 1000 and 400 000, and ideally between 1000 and 300 000.

The expression hydrophobic group is understood to mean a radical or polymer containing a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon chain which may contain one or more heteroatoms such as P, O, N, S or a radical containing a perfluorinated or silicone chain. When it denotes a hydrocarbon radical, the hydrophobic group contains at least 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, in particular from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 18 to 30 carbon atoms.

Preferably, the hydrocarbon group is derived from a monofunctional compound.

By way of example, the hydrophobic group may be derived from a fatty alcohol such as stearyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, decyl alcohol. It may also denote a hydrocarbon polymer such as for example polybutadiene.

When X and/or X′ denote a group containing a tertiary or quaternary amine, X and/or X′ may represent one of the following formulae:

in which:

-   -   R₂ represents a linear or branched alkylene radical having from         1 to 20 carbon atoms, containing or otherwise a saturated or         unsaturated ring, or an arylene radical, it being possible for         one or more of the carbon atoms to be replaced by a heteroatom         chosen from N, S, O, P;     -   R₁ and R₃, which are identical or different, denote a linear or         branched, C₁-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl radical, an aryl radical, it         being possible for at least one of the carbon atoms to be         replaced by a heteroatom chosen from N, S, O, P;     -   A⁻ is a physiologically acceptable counterion.

The groups L, L′ and L″ represent a group of formula:

in which:

-   -   Z represents —O—, —S— or —NH—; and     -   R₄ represents a linear or branched alkylene radical having from         1 to 20 carbon atoms, containing or otherwise a saturated or         unsaturated ring, an arylene radical, it being possible for one         or more of the carbon atoms to be replaced by a heteroatom         chosen from N, S, O and P.

The groups P and P′, comprising an amine functional group, may represent at least one of the following formulae:

in which:

-   -   R₅ and R₇ have the same meanings as R₂ defined above;     -   R₆, R₈ and R₉ have the same meanings as R₁ and R₃ defined above;     -   R₁₀ represents a linear or branched alkylene group, which is         optionally unsaturated and which may contain one or more         heteroatoms chosen from N, O, S and P,     -   and A⁻ is a physiologically acceptable counterion.

As regards the meaning of Y, the expression hydrophilic group is understood to mean a polymeric or nonpolymeric water-soluble group.

By way of example, there may be mentioned, when polymers are not involved, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol.

In the case, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, of a hydrophilic polymer, there may be mentioned, by way of examples, polyethers, sulfonated polyesters, sulfonated polyamides, or a mixture of these polymers. Preferably, the hydrophilic compound is a polyether and in particular a polyethylene oxide or a polypropylene oxide.

The cationic associative polyurethanes of formula (Ia) according to the invention are formed from diisocyanates and from various compounds possessing functional groups containing a labile hydrogen. The functional groups containing a labile hydrogen may be alcohol functional groups, primary or secondary amine functional groups or thiol functional groups which give, after reaction with the diisocyanate functional groups, polyurethanes, polyureas and polythioureas, respectively. The term “polyurethanes” of the present invention covers these three types of polymer, namely polyurethanes proper, polyureas and polythioureas and copolymers thereof.

A first type of compounds entering into the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (Ia) is a compound containing at least one unit containing an amine functional group. This compound may be multifunctional, but preferably the compound is difunctional, that is to say that according to a preferred embodiment, this compound contains two labile hydrogen atoms carried for example by a hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine or thiol functional group. It is also possible to use a mixture of multifunctional and difunctional compounds in which the percentage of multifunctional compounds is low.

As indicated above, this compound may contain more than one unit containing an amine functional group. It is then a polymer carrying a repeat, of the unit containing an amine functional group.

This type of compounds may be represented by one of the following formulae: HZ-(P)_(n)-ZH, or HZ-(P′)_(p)-ZH, in which Z, P, P′, n and p are as defined above.

By way of example of a compound containing an amine functional group, there may be mentioned N-methyldiethanolamine, N-tert-butyldiethanolamine, N-sulfoethyldiethanolamine.

The second compound entering into the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (Ia) is a diisocyanate corresponding to the formula: O═C═N—R₄—N═C═O in which R₄ is defined above.

-   -   By way of example, there may be mentioned methylenediphenyl         diisocyanate, methylenecyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone         diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate,         butane diisocyanate, hexane diisocyanate.

A third compound entering into the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (Ia) is a hydrophobic compound intended to form the terminal hydrophobic groups of the polymer of formula (Ia).

This compound consists of a hydrophobic group and a functional group containing a labile hydrogen, for example a hydroxyl, primary or secondary amine, or thiol functional group.

-   -   By way of example, this compound may be a fatty alcohol, such as         in particular stearyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, decyl alcohol.         When this compound contains a polymeric chain, it may be for         example hydroxyl-hydrogenated polybutadiene.

The hydrophobic group of the polyurethane of formula (Ia) may also result from the quaternization reaction of the tertiary amine of the compound containing at least one tertiary amine unit. Thus, the hydrophobic group is introduced by the quaternizing agent. This quaternizing agent is a compound of the RQ or R′Q type, in which R and R′ are as defined above and Q denotes a leaving group such as a halide, a sulfate, and the like.

The cationic associative polyurethane may additionally comprise a hydrophilic sequence. This sequence is provided by a fourth type of compound entering into the preparation of the polymer. This compound may be multifunctional. It is preferably difunctional. It is also possible to have a mixture where the percentage of multifunctional compound is low.

The functional groups containing a labile hydrogen are alcohol, primary or secondary amine, or thiol functional groups. This compound may be a polymer terminated at the chain ends by one of these functional groups containing a labile hydrogen.

By way of example, there may be mentioned, when polymers are not involved, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol.

In the case of a hydrophilic polymer, there may be mentioned, by way of example, polyethers, sulfonated polyesters, sulfonated polyamides, or a mixture of these polymers. Preferably, the hydrophilic compound is a polyether and in particular a polyethylene oxide or a polypropylene oxide.

The hydrophilic group noted Y in formula (Ia) is optional. Indeed, the units containing a quaternary or protonated amine functional group may suffice to provide the solubility or water-dispersibility necessary for this type of polymer in an aqueous solution. Although the presence of a hydrophilic group Y is optional, cationic associative polyurethanes are nevertheless preferred which contain such a group.

-   -   (II) the quaternized cellulose derivatives and the polyacrylates         with noncyclic amine-containing side groups.

The quaternized cellulose derivatives are in particular,

-   -   the quaternized celluloses modified by groups comprising at         least one fatty chain, such as the alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl         groups comprising at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof,     -   the quaternized hydroxyethylcelluloses modified by groups         comprising at least one fatty chain, such as the alkyl,         arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups comprising at least 8 carbon         atoms, or mixtures thereof.

The alkyl radicals carried by the above quaternized celluloses or hydroxyethylcelluloses preferably comprise from 8 to 30 carbon atoms. The aryl radicals preferably denote phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl or anthryl groups.

There may be mentioned as examples of quaternized alkylhydroxyethylcelluloses containing C₈-C₃₀ fatty chains the products QUATRISOFT LM 200®, QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-18-A®, QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-18B® (C₁₂ alkyl) and QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-8® (C₁₈ alkyl) marketed by the company AMERCHOL and the products CRODACEL QM®, CRODACEL QL® (C₁₂ alkyl) and CRODACEL QS® (C₁₈ alkyl) marketed by the company CRODA.

Amphoteric Associative Polymers

They are preferably chosen from those containing at least one noncyclic cationic unit. Still more particularly, the ones that are preferred are those prepared from or comprising 1 to 20 mol % of monomer containing a fatty chain, and preferably 1.5 to 15 mol % and still more particularly 1.5 to 6 mol %, relative to the total number of moles of monomers.

The preferred amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention comprise, or are prepared by copolymerizing:

-   -   1) at least one monomer of formula (Ia) or (Ib):

in which R₁ and R₂, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, R₃, R₄ and R₅, which are identical or different, represent a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, Z represents an NH group or an oxygen atom, n is an integer from 2 to 5, A⁻ is an anion derived from an organic or inorganic acid, such as a methosulfate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide;

-   -   2) at least one monomer of formula (II)         R₆—CH═CR₇—COOH  (II)         in which R₆ and R₇, which are identical or different, represent         a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical;         and     -   3) at least one monomer of formula (III):         R₆—CH═CR₇—COXR₈  (III)         in which R₆ and R₇, which are identical or different, represent         a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, X denotes an oxygen or         nitrogen atom and R₈ denotes a linear or branched alkyl radical         having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms;         at least one of the monomers of formula (Ia), (Ib) or (III)         containing at least one fatty chain.

The monomers of formula (Ia) and (Ib) of the present invention are preferably chosen from the group consisting of:

-   -   dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate,     -   diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate,     -   dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate,     -   dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide,         dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, these monomers being optionally         quaternized, for example with a C₁-C₄ alkyl halide or a C₁-C₄         dialkyl sulfate.

More particularly, the monomer of formula (Ia) is chosen from acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride and methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride.

The monomers of formula (II) of the present invention are preferably chosen from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid and 2-methylcrotonic acid. More particularly, the monomer of formula (II) is acrylic acid.

The monomers of formula (III) of the present invention are preferably chosen from the group consisting of C₁₂-C₂₂, and more particularly C₁₆-C₁₈ alkyl acrylates or methacrylates.

The monomers constituting the amphoteric polymers containing a fatty chain of the invention are preferably already neutralized and/or quaternized.

The ratio of the number of cationic charges/anionic charges is preferably equal to about 1.

The amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention preferably comprise from 1 to 10 mol % of the monomer containing a fatty chain (monomer of formula (Ia), (Ib) or (III)), and preferably from 1.5 to 6 mol %.

The weight-average molecular weights of the amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention may vary from 500 to 50 000 000 and are preferably between 10 000 and 5 000 000.

The amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention may also contain other monomers such as nonionic monomers and in particular such as C₁-C₄ alkyl acrylates or methacrylates.

Amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention are for example described and prepared in Patent Application WO9844012.

Among the amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention, the acrylic acid/(meth)acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride/stearyl methacrylate terpolymers are preferred.

Preferred dyeing compositions according to the invention comprise an associative polymer of the nonionic type.

Associative Polymers of the Nonionic Type

According to the invention, they are preferably chosen from:

-   -   (1) celluloses modified by groups comprising at least one fatty         chain; there may be mentioned by way of example:     -   the hydroxyethylcelluloses modified by groups comprising at         least one fatty chain such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl         groups, or mixtures thereof, and in which the alkyl groups are         preferably C₈-C₂₂, such as the product NATROSOL PLUS GRADE 330         CS® (C₁₆ alkyls) sold by the company AQUALON, or the product         BERMOCOLL EHM 100® sold by the company BEROL NOBEL,     -   those modified by polyalkylene glycol ether of alkylphenol         groups, such as the product AMERCELL POLYMER HM-1500®         (polyethylene glycol (15) ether of nonylphenol) sold by the         company AMERCHOL.     -   (2) hydroxypropylguars modified by groups comprising at least         one fatty chain such as the product ESAFLOR HM 22® (C₂₂ alkyl         chain) sold by the company LAMBERTI, the products RE210-18® (C₁₄         alkyl chain) and RE205-1® (C₂₀ alkyl chain) sold by the company         RHONE POULENC.     -   (3) copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of hydrophobic monomers         having a fatty chain, of which there may be mentioned by way of         example:     -   the products ANTARON V216® or GANEX V216®         (vinylpyrrolidone/hexadecene copolymer) sold by the company         I.S.P.     -   the products ANTARON V220® or GANEX V220®         (vinylpyrrolidone/eicosene copolymer) sold by the company I.S.P.     -   (4) copolymers of C₁-C₆ alkyl methacrylates or acrylates and of         amphiphilic monomers comprising at least one fatty chain such as         for example the oxyethylenated stearyl acrylate/methyl acrylate         copolymer sold by the company GOLDSCHMIDT under the name ANTIL         208®.     -   (5) copolymers of hydrophilic methacrylates or acrylates and of         hydrophobic monomers comprising at least one fatty chain such as         for example the polyethylene glycol methacrylate/lauryl         methacrylate copolymer.     -   (6) polyether-polyurethanes comprising in their chain both         hydrophilic sequences which are most often of a         polyoxyethylenated nature and hydrophobic sequences which may be         aliphatic chains alone and/or cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic         chains.     -   (7) polymers containing an aminoplast ether backbone possessing         at least one fatty chain, such as the compounds PURE THIX®         provided by the company SUD-CHEMIE.

Preferably, the polyether-polyurethanes comprise at least two lipophilic hydrocarbon chains, having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, separated by a hydrophilic sequence, it being possible for the hydrocarbon chains to be pendent chains or chains at the end of a hydrophilic sequence. In particular, it is possible for one or more pendent chains to be envisaged. In addition, the polymer may comprise a hydrocarbon chain at one end or at both ends of a hydrophilic sequence.

The polyether-polyurethanes may be polyblocks, in particular in triblock form. The hydrophobic sequences may be at each end of the chain (for example: triblock copolymer with hydrophilic central sequence) or distributed both at the ends and in the chain (polyblock copolymer for example). These same polymers may also be in the form of graft units or may be star-shaped.

The nonionic polyether-polyurethanes containing a fatty chain may be triblock copolymers whose hydrophilic sequence is a polyoxyethylenated chain comprising from 50 to 1000 oxyethylenated groups. Nonionic polyether-polyurethanes comprise a urethane bond between the hydrophilic sequences, hence the origin of the name.

By extension, those whose hydrophilic sequences are linked by other chemical bonds to the lipophilic sequences are also included among the nonionic polyether-polyurethanes containing a fatty chain.

By way of examples of nonionic polyether-polyurethanes containing a fatty chain which can be used in the invention, it is also possible to use Rhéolate® 205 containing a urea functional group sold by the company RHEOX or the Rhéolates® 208, 204 or 212, as well as Acrysol RM 184®.

There may also be mentioned the product ELFACOS T210® containing a C₁₂₋₁₄ alkyl chain and the product ELFACOS T212® containing a C₁₈ alkyl chain from AKZO.

The product DW 1206B® from RHOM & HAAS containing a C₂₀ alkyl chain and with a urethane bond, sold at 20% dry matter content in water, may also be used.

It is also possible to use solutions or dispersions of these polymers in particular in water or in an aqueous-alcoholic medium. By way of example of such polymers, there may be mentioned Rhéolate® 255, Rhéolate® 278 and Rhéolate® 244 sold by the company RHEOX. It is also possible to use the product DW 1206F and DW 1206J provided by the company ROHM & HAAS.

The polyether-polyurethanes which can be used according to the invention are in particular those described in the article by G. Formum, J. Bakke and Fk. Hansen—Colloid Polym. Sci 271, 380-389 (1993).

Still more particularly, according to the invention, it is preferable to use a polyether-polyurethane which can be obtained by polycondensation of at least three compounds comprising (i) at least one polyethylene glycol comprising from 150 to 180 mol of ethyleneoxide, (ii) stearyl alcohol or decyl alcohol and (iii) at least one diisocyanate.

Such polyether-polyurethanes are sold in particular by the company ROHM & HAAS under the names Aculyn 46® and Aculyn 44® [ACULYN 46® is a polycondensate of polyethylene glycol containing 150 or 180 mol of ethylene oxide, stearyl alcohol and methylenebis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (SMDI), at 15% by weight in a matrix of maltodextrin (4%) and water (81%); ACULYN 44® is a polycondensate of polyethylene glycol containing 150 or 180 mol of ethylene oxide, decyl alcohol and methylenebis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (SMDI), at 35% by weight in a mixture of propylene glycol (39%) and water (26%)].

The associative polymers of the nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric type are preferably used in a quantity which may vary from about 0.1 to 10% by weight of the total weight of the dyeing composition. More preferably, this quantity varies from about 0.5 to 5% by weight, and still more particularly from about 1 to 3% by weight.

Oxidation Dyes

The oxidation dyes which can be used according to the invention are chosen from oxidation bases and/or couplers.

Preferably, the compositions according to the invention contain at least one oxidation base.

The nature of these oxidation bases is not critical. They may in particular be chosen from ortho- and para-phenylenediamines, double bases, ortho- and para-aminophenols, the following heterocyclic bases as well as the addition salts of all these compounds with an acid.

There may be mentioned in particular:

-   -   (I) the para-phenylenediamines of the following formula (I) and         their addition salts with an acid:

in which:

-   R₁ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, a     monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical, a polyhydroxy(C₂-C₄ alkyl)     radical, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl radical, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical     substituted with a nitrogen-containing group, a phenyl radical or a     4′-aminophenyl radical; -   R₂ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, a     monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical or a polyhydroxy(C₂-C₄ alkyl)     radical, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl radical or a C₁-C₄ alkyl     radical substituted with a nitrogen-containing group; -   R₁ and R₂ may also form with the nitrogen atom carrying them a 5- or     6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle optionally substituted     with one or more alkyl, hydroxyl or ureido groups; -   R₃ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom such as a chlorine     atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, a sulfo radical, a carboxyl radical, a     monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical or a hydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkoxy) radical,     an acetylamino(C₁-C₄ alkoxy) radical, a mesylamino(C₁-C₄ alkoxy)     radical or a carbamoylamino(C₁-C₄ alkoxy) radical, -   R₄ represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical.

Among the nitrogen-containing groups of formula (I) above, there may be mentioned in particular the amino, mono(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, (C₁-C₄)dialkylamino, (C₁-C₄)trialkylamino, monohydroxy(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, imidazolinium and ammonium radicals.

Among the para-phenylenediamines of formula (I) above, there may be mentioned more particularly para-phenylenediamine, para-tolylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine, 2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dipropyl-para-phenylenediamine, 4-amino-N,N-diethyl-3-methylaniline, N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylaniline, 4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-chloroaniline, 2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-fluoro-para-phenylenediamine, 2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine, N-(β-hydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 2-hydroxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-3-methyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-(ethyl-β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-(β,γ-dihydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-(4′-aminophenyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, 2-β-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, N-(β-methoxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 2-methyl-1-N-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine and their addition salts with an acid.

Among the para-phenylenediamines of formula (I) above, there are most particularly preferred para-phenylenediamine, para-tolylenediamine, 2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine and their addition salts with an acid.

-   -   (II) According to the invention, “double bases” is understood to         mean the compounds containing at least two aromatic rings on         which amino and/or hydroxyl groups are carried.

Among the double bases which can be used as oxidation bases in the dye compositions in accordance with the invention, there may be mentioned in particular the compounds corresponding to the following formula (II), and their addition salts with an acid:

in which:

-   -   Z₁ and Z₂, which are identical or different, represent a         hydroxyl or —NH₂ radical which may be substituted with a C₁-C₄         alkyl radical or with a linking arm Y;     -   the linking arm Y represents a linear or branched alkylene chain         comprising from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, which may be interrupted         by or which may end with one or more nitrogen-containing groups         and/or one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur or         nitrogen atoms, and optionally substituted with one or more         hydroxyl or C₁-C₆ alkoxy radicals;     -   R₅ and R₆ represent a hydrogen or halogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl         radical, a monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical, a polyhydroxy(C₂-C₄         alkyl) radical, an amino(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical or a linking arm         Y;     -   R₇, R₈, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁ and R₁₂, which are identical or different,         represent a hydrogen atom, a linking arm Y or a C₁-C₄ alkyl         radical;         it being understood that the compounds of formula (II) contain         only one linking arm Y per molecule.

Among the nitrogen-containing groups of formula (II) above, there may be mentioned in particular the amino, mono(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, (C₁-C₄)dialkylamino, (C₁-C₄)trialkylamino, monohydroxy(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, imidazolinium and ammonium radicals.

Among the double bases of formulae (II) above, there may be mentioned more particularly N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3-diaminopropanol, N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)ethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(4-methylaminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(ethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-amino-3′-methylphenyl)ethylenediamine, 1,8-bis(2,5-diaminophenoxy)-3,5-dioxaoctane, and their addition salts with an acid.

Among these double bases of formula (II), N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3-diaminopropanol, 1,8-bis(2,5-diaminophenoxy)-3,5-dioxaoctane or one of their addition salts with an acid are particularly preferred.

-   -   (III) the para-aminophenois corresponding to the following         formula (III), and their addition salts with an acid:

in which: R₁₃ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom such as fluorine, a C₁-C₄ alkyl, monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl), (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl or amino(C₁-C₄ alkyl) or hydroxy(C₁-C₄)alkylamino(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical, R₁₄ represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom such as fluorine, a C₁-C₄ alkyl, monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl), polyhydroxy(C₂-C₄ alkyl), amino(C₁-C₄ alkyl), cyano(C₁-C₄ alkyl) or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl radical.

Among the para-aminophenols of formula (III) above, there may be mentioned more particularly para-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-amino-3-fluorophenol, 4-amino-3-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-methylphenol, 4-amino-2-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-methoxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-aminomethylphenol, 4-amino-2-(β-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)phenol, and their addition salts with an acid.

-   -   (IV) the ortho-aminophenols which can be used as oxidation bases         in the context of the present invention are in particular chosen         from 2-aminophenol, 2-amino-1-hydroxy-5-methylbenzene,         2-amino-1-hydroxy-6-methylbenzene, 5-acetamido-2-aminophenol,         and their addition salts with an acid.     -   (V) among the heterocyclic bases which can be used as oxidation         bases in the dyeing compositions in accordance with the         invention, there may be mentioned more particularly pyridine         derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyrazole derivatives, and         their addition salts with an acid.

Among the pyridine derivatives, there may be mentioned more particularly the compounds described for example in Patents GB 1,026,978 and GB 1,153,196, such as 2,5-diaminopyridine, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino-3-aminopyridine, 2,3-diamino-6-methoxypyridine, 2-(β-methoxyethyl)amino-3-amino-6-methoxypyridine, 3,4-diaminopyridine, and their addition salts with an acid.

Among the pyrimidine derivatives, there may be mentioned more particularly the compounds described for example in German Patent DE 2,359,399 or Japanese Patents JP 88-169,571 and JP 91-10659 or Patent Application WO 96/15765, such as 2,4,5,6-tetraminopyrimidine, 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2-hydroxy-4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-diaminopyrimidine, 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, and the pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives such as those mentioned in Patent Application FR-A-2,750,048 and among which there may be mentioned pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine; 2,5-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine; pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,5-diamine; 2,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,5-diamine; 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ol; 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-ol; 2-(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamino)ethanol; 2-(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-ylamino)ethanol; 2-[(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol; 2-[(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol; 5,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine; 2,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine; 2,5,N7,N7-tetramethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine; 3-amino-5-methyl-7-imidazolylpropylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine; and their addition salts and their tautomeric forms, when a tautomeric equilibrium exists, and their addition salts with an acid.

Among the pyrazole derivatives, there may be mentioned more particularly the compounds described in Patents DE 3,843,892, DE 4,133,957 and Patent Applications WO 94/08969, WO 94/08970, FR-A-2,733,749 and DE 195 43 988 such as 4,5-diamino-1-methylpyrazole, 3,4-diaminopyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(4′-chlorobenzyl)pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole, 4-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-hydrazinopyrazole, 1-benzyl-4,5-diamino-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-tert-butyl-1-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-tert-butyl-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-hydroxymethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-isopropylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-isopropylpyrazole, 4-amino-5-(2′-aminoethyl)amino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole, 3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 1-methyl-3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 3,5-diamino-1-methyl-4-methylaminopyrazole, 3,5-diamino-4-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-1-methylpyrazole, and their addition salts with an acid.

According to the present invention, the oxidation bases preferably represent from 0.0005 to 12% by weight approximately of the total weight of the composition and more preferably still from 0.005 to 8% by weight approximately of this weight.

The dye composition in accordance with the invention may contain one or more couplers chosen from those conventionally used in oxidation dyeing, and in particular from meta-aminophenols, meta-phenylenediamines, meta-diphenols, naphthols and heterocyclic couplers such as for example indole derivatives, indoline derivatives, sesamol and its derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrazolotriazole derivatives, pyrazolones, indazoles, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, benzoxazoles, 1,3-benzodioxoles, quinolines and their addition salts with an acid.

These couplers are more particularly chosen from 2,4-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyloxy)benzene, 2-methyl-5-aminophenol, 5-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylphenol, 3-aminophenol, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 2-amino-4-(β-hydroxyethylamino)-1-methoxybenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene, 1,3-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane, sesamol, 1-amino-2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene, α-naphthol, 6-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxy-N-methylindole, 6-hydroxyindoline, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine, 1-H-3-methylpyrazol-5-one, 1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, 3,6-dimethylpyrazolo[3,2-c]-1,2,4-triazole, 2,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-b]-1,2,4-triazole and their addition salts with an acid.

Generally, the coupler(s) preferably represent from 0.0001 to 15% by weight approximately of the total weight of the dye composition and still more preferably from 0.001 to 10% approximately.

The addition salts with an acid of these oxidation dyes (bases and/or couplers) are in particular chosen from hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates and tartrates, lactates and acetates.

The dye composition in accordance with the invention may additionally comprise one or more direct dyes in particular in order to modify the shades by increasing their glint. These direct dyes may be chosen in particular from neutral, cationic or anionic nitro, azo or anthraquinone dyes which are conventionally used or those which are described in particular in patent applications FR-2782450, 2782451, 2782452 and EP-1025834, in the proportion by weight of about 0.001 to 20% and preferably 0.01 to 10% of the total weight of the composition.

Medium

The appropriate dyeing medium for the composition is preferably an aqueous medium consisting of water and may advantageously contain cosmetically acceptable organic solvents including more particularly alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol, glycols or glycol ethers such as, for example, monomethyl, monoethyl and monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or its ethers such as, for example, monomethyl ether of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol as well as the alkyl ethers of diethylene glycol such as for example monoethyl ether or monobutyl ether of diethylene glycol. The solvents may then be present in concentrations of between about 0.5 and 20% and preferably between about 2 and 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

The dye composition and/or the oxidizing composition may additionally more particularly comprise at least one anionic, nonionic, cationic or amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant in the proportion of at least 0.01% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and preferably one surfactant of a nonionic nature.

These surfactants may be chosen from:

Nonionic Surfactants:

The nonionic surfactants themselves are also compounds which are well known per se (in this respect see especially the “Handbook of Surfactants” by M. R. Porter, published by Blackie & Son (Glasgow and London), 1991, pp. 116-178) and, in the context of the present invention, their nature does not assume any critical character. They can thus be chosen especially from (nonlimiting list) alcohols, alpha-diols or polyethoxylated or polypropoxylated alkylphenols which have a fatty chain containing, for example, 8 to 18 carbon atoms, it being possible for the number of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide groups to range especially from 2 to 50. The copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and the condensates of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with fatty alcohols may also be mentioned; the polyethoxylated fatty amides preferably containing from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide, the polyglycerolated fatty amides containing on average 1 to 5 glycerol groups and in particular 1.5 to 4; the polyethoxylated fatty amines preferably containing 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide; the oxyethylenated fatty acid esters of sorbitan containing from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide; the fatty acid esters of sucrose, the fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol, alkylpolyglycosides, the N-alkylglucamine derivatives, amine oxides such as the oxides of (C₁₀-C₁₄)-alkylamines or the N-acylaminopropylmorpholine oxides.

Anionic Surfactants:

By way of example of anionic surfactants which can be used, alone or as mixtures, in the context of the present invention there may be mentioned in particular (nonlimiting list) the salts (in particular alkali metal, especially sodium, salts, ammonium salts, amine salts, amino alcohol salts or magnesium salts) of the following compounds: alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylamido ether sulfates, alkylarylpolyether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates; alkyl sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, alkylamidesulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, α-olefinsulfonates, paraffinsulfonates; (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl sulfosuccinates, (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, (C₆-C₂₄)alkylamide sulfosuccinates; (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl sulfoacetates; (C₆-C₂₄)acyl sarcosinates and (C₆-C₂₄)acyl glutamates. It is also possible to use (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl polyglycoside carboxylic esters such as alkyl glucoside citrates, alkyl polyglycoside tartrate and alkyl polyglycoside sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfosuccinamates; acyl isethionates and N-acyltaurates, the alkyl or acyl radical of all these various compounds preferably comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, and the aryl radical preferably denoting a phenyl or benzyl group. Among the anionic surfactants which can still be used, there may also be mentioned the salts of fatty acids such as the salts of oleic, ricinoleic, palmitic and stearic acids, the acids of copra oil or of hydrogenated copra oil; the acyllactylates whose acyl radical comprises 8 to 20 carbon atoms. It is also possible to use the alkyl D-galactosideuronic acids and their salts, the polyoxyalkylenated (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether carboxylic acids, the polyoxyalkylenated (C₆-C₂₄)alkylaryl ether carboxylic acids, the polyoxyalkylenated (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl amidoether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, in particular those comprising from 2 to 50 alkylene, in particular ethylene, oxide groups, and mixtures thereof.

Amphoteric or Zwitterionic Surfactants:

The amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, the nature of which is not of critical importance in the context of the present invention, may be especially (nonlimiting list) derivatives of aliphatic secondary or tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical is a linear or branched chain containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms and containing at least one water-solubilizing anionic group (for example carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate); (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines, sulfobetaines, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₁-C₆)alkylbetaines or (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfobetaines may further be mentioned.

Among the amine derivatives, there may be mentioned the products sold under the name MIRANOL, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,528,378 and 2,781,354 and classified in the CTFA dictionary, 3rd edition, 1982, under the names Amphocarboxyglycinates and Amphocarboxypropionates having the respective structures: R₂—CONHCH₂CH₂—N⁺(R₃)(R₄)(CH₂COO⁻) in which: R₂ denotes an alkyl radical of an acid R₂—COOH present in hydrolyzed copra oil, a heptyl, nonyl or undecyl radical, R₃ denotes a beta-hydroxyethyl group and R₄ a carboxymethyl group; and R₂′—CONHCH₂CH₂—N(B)(C) in which:

-   B represents —CH₂CH₂OX′, C represents —(CH₂)_(z)—Y′, with z=1 or 2, -   X′ denotes the —CH₂CH₂—COOH group or a hydrogen atom -   Y′ denotes —COOH or the radical —CH₂—CHOH—SO₃H -   R₂′ denotes an alkyl radical of an acid R₂′—COOH present in copra     oil or in hydrolyzed linseed oil, an alkyl radical, especially C₇,     C₉, C₁₁ or C₁₃, a C₁₇ alkyl radical and its iso for unsaturated C₁₇     radical.

These compounds are classified in the CTFA dictionary, 5th edition, 1993, under the names Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate, Disodium Lauroamphodiacetate, Disodium Caprylamphodiacetate, Disodium Capryloamphodiacetate, Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate, Disodium Lauroamphodipropionate, Disodium Caprylamphodipropionate, Disodium Capryloamphodipropionate, Lauro-amphodipropionic acid, Cocoamphodipropionic acid.

By way of example, there may be mentioned the cocoamphodiacetate marketed under the trade name MIRANOL® C2M concentrate by the company RHODIA CHIMIE.

Cationic Surfactants:

Among the cationic surfactants, there may be mentioned in particular (nonlimiting list): the salts of optionally polyoxyalkylenated primary, secondary or tertiary amines; quaternary ammonium salts such as tetraalkylammonium, alkylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium, trialkylbenzylammonium, trialkylhydroxyalkylammonium or alkylpyridinium chlorides or bromides; imidazoline derivatives or amine oxides of a cationic nature.

The quantities of surfactants present in the dyeing composition according to the invention may vary from 0.01 to 40%, and preferably from 0.5 to 30% of the total weight of the composition.

Preferably, according to the invention, the dye composition and/or the oxidizing composition may additionally more particularly comprise at least one cationic or amphoteric polymer (different from the associative polymers according to the invention) in the proportion of at least 0.01% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

More particularly, according to the invention, said cationic or amphoteric polymers are in the dye portion.

Cationic Polymers

For the purposes of the present invention, the expression “cationic polymer” denotes any polymer containing cationic groups and/or groups which can be ionized to cationic groups.

The cationic polymers which can be used in accordance with the present invention may be chosen from all those already known per se to improve the cosmetic properties of hair, namely in particular those described in Patent Application EP-A-337 354 and in French patents FR-2,270,846, 2,383,660, 2,598,611, 2,470,596 and 2,519,863.

The preferred cationic polymers are chosen from those which contain units comprising primary, secondary, tertiary and/or quaternary amine groups which may either form part of the principal polymeric chain, or be carried by a side substituent directly linked thereto.

The cationic polymers used generally have a number-average molecular mass of between 500 and 5×10⁶ approximately, and preferably between 10³×3.10⁶ approximately.

Among the cationic polymers, there may be mentioned more particularly the polymers of the polyamine, polyamino amide and quaternary polyammonium type.

These are known products. They are described in particular in French patents No. 2,505,348 or 2,542,997. Among said polymers, there may be mentioned:

-   -   (1) The homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic or         methacrylic esters or amides and comprising at least one of the         units of the following formulae (I), (II), (III) or (IV):

in which:

-   R₃, which are identical or different, denote a hydrogen atom or a     CH₃ radical; -   A, which are identical or different, represent a linear or branched     alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2 or 3 carbon atoms,     or a hydroxyalkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; -   R₄, R₅, R₆, which may be identical or different, represent an alkyl     group containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical and     preferably an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; -   R₁ and R₂, which are identical or different, represent hydrogen or     an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably     methyl or ethyl; -   X⁻denotes an anion derived from an inorganic or organic acid such as     a methosulfate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide.

The polymers of the family (1) may contain, in addition, one or more units derived from comonomers which may be chosen from the family of acrylamides, methacrylamides, diacetone acrylamides, acrylamides and methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen with lower (C₁-C₄)alkyls, acrylic or methacrylic acids or esters thereof, vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone or vinylcaprolactam, vinyl esters.

Thus, among these polymers of the family (1), there may be mentioned:

-   -   the copolymers of acrylamide and dimethylamino-ethyl         methacrylate quaternized with dimethyl sulfate or with a         dimethyl halide such as that sold under the name HERCOFLOC® by         the company HERCULES,     -   the copolymers of acrylamide and         methacryloyloxy-ethyltrimethylammonium chloride described, for         example, in Patent Application EP-A-080976 and sold under the         name BINA QUAT P 100® by the company CIBA GEIGY,     -   the copolymer of acrylamide and         methacryloyloxy-ethyltrimethylammonium methosulfate sold under         the name RETEN® by the company HERCULES,     -   the vinylpyrrolidone/dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate         copolymers, quaternized or otherwise, such as the products sold         under the name “GAFQUAT®” by the company ISP such as for example         “GAFQUAT 734” or “GAFQUAT 755” or alternatively the products         called “COPOLYMER 845®, 958® and 937®”. These polymers are         described in detail in French Patents 2,077,143 and 2,393,573,     -   the dimethylaminoethyl         methacrylate/vinylcapro-lactam/vinylpyrrolidone terpolymers such         as the product sold under the name GAFFIX VC 713® by the company         ISP,     -   the vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyldimethyl-amine         copolymers marketed in particular under the name STYLEZE CC 10®         by ISP,     -   and the quaternized vinylpyrrolidone/dimethyl-aminopropyl         methacrylamide copolymers such as the product sold under the         name “GAFQUAT HS 100®” by the company ISP.         (2) The cellulose ether derivatives comprising quaternary         ammonium groups, described in French Patent 1,492,597, and in         particular the polymers marketed under the names “JR®” (JR 400,         JR 125, JR 30M) or “LR®” (LR 400, LR 30M) by the company Union         Carbide Corporation. These polymers are also defined in the CTFA         dictionary as hydroxyethyl cellulose quaternary ammoniums which         have reacted with an epoxide substituted by a trimethylammonium         group.         (3) Cationic cellulose derivatives such as cellulose copolymers         or cellulose derivatives grafted with a quaternary ammonium         water-soluble monomer, and described especially in U.S. Pat. No.         4,131,576, such as hydroxyalkyl celluloses like hydroxymethyl,         hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl celluloses grafted especially with         a methacryloylethyltrimethylammonium,         methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium or dimethyldiallylammonium         salt.

The commercial products corresponding to this definition are more particularly the products sold under the name “Celquat L 200®” and “Celquat H 100®” by the company National Starch.

(4) The cationic polysaccharides described more particularly in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,589,578 and 4,031,307 such as guar gums containing cationic trialkylammonium groups. Guar gums modified with a 2,3-epoxypropyltri-methylammonium salt (e.g. chloride) are for example used.

Such products are marketed in particular under the trade names JAGUAR C13 S®, JAGUAR C 15®, JAGUAR C 17® or JAGUAR C162® by the company MEYHALL.

(5) Polymers consisting of piperazinyl units and of alkylene or hydroxyalkylene divalent radicals with straight or branched chains, optionally interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms or by aromatic or heterocyclic rings, as well as the oxidation and/or quaternization products of these polymers. Such polymers are described especially in French patents 2,162,025 and 2,280,361. (6) Water-soluble polyaminoamides prepared in particular by polycondensation of an acid compound with a polyamine; these polyaminoamides may be crosslinked with an epihalohydrin, a diepoxide, a dianhydride, an unsaturated dianhydride, a diunsaturated derivative, a bishalohydrin, a bisazetidinium, a bishaloacyldiamine, an alkylbishalide or else with an oligomer resulting from the reaction of a difunctional compound which is reactive toward a bishalohydrin, a bisazetidinium, a bishaloacyldiamine, an alkylbishalide, an epihalohydrin, a diepoxide or a diunsaturated derivative; the crosslinking agent being employed in proportions ranging from 0.025 to 0.35 mol per amine group of the polyaminoamide; these polyaminoamides may be alkylated or, if they include one or more tertiary amine functional groups, quaternized. Such polymers are described especially in French Patents 2,252,840 and 2,368,508. (7) Polyaminoamide derivatives resulting from the condensation of polyalkylenepolyamines with polycarboxylic acids, followed by an alkylation with difunctional agents. There may be mentioned, for example, the adipic acid/dialkylaminohydroxyalkyldialkylenetriamine polymers in which the alkyl radical contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and preferably denotes methyl, ethyl or propyl. Such polymers are described especially in French Patent 1,583,363.

Among these derivatives there may be mentioned more particularly the adipic acid/dimethyl-aminohydroxypropyl/diethylenetriamine polymers sold under the name “Cartaretine® F, F4 or F8” by the company Sandoz.

(8) Polymers obtained by reaction of a polyalkylenepolyamine containing two primary amine groups and at least one secondary amine group with a dicarboxylic acid chosen from diglycolic acid and saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The molar ratio of the polyalkylenepolyamine to the dicarboxylic acid being between 0.8:1 and 1.4:1; the polyaminoamide resulting therefrom being made to react with epichlorohydrin in a molar ratio of epichlorohydrin relative to the secondary amine group of the polyaminoamide of between 0.5:1 and 1.8:1. Such polymers are described especially in American Patents 3,227,615 and 2,961,347.

Polymers of this type are marketed in particular under the name “Hercosett 57®” by the company Hercules Inc. or else under the name of “PD 170®” or “Delsefte 101®” by the company Hercules in the case of the copolymer of adipic acid/epoxypropyl/diethylenetriamine.

(9) Cyclohomopolymers of dialkyldiallylammonium, such as the homopolymers or copolymers comprising, as main constituent of the chain, units corresponding to the formula (V):

in which k and t are equal to 0 or 1, the sum k+t being equal to 1;

-   R₇ and R₈, which are identical or different, denote an alkyl group     having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a (C₁-C₅) hydroxyalkyl group, a     (C₁-C₄) amidoalkyl group, or R₇ and R₈ denote, together with the     nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a piperidinyl or     morpholinyl group; -   R₉ denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical; -   R₇ and R₈, independently of each other, preferably denote an alkyl     group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Y⁻ is an anion such as     bromide, chloride, acetate, borate, citrate, tartrate, bisulfate,     bisulfite, sulfate or phosphate. These polymers are described     especially in French Patent 2,080,759 and in its certificate of     addition 2,190,406.

Among the polymers defined above there may be mentioned more particularly the dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer sold under the name “Merquat 100®” by the company Calgon (and its homologs of low weight-average molecular mass) and the copolymers of diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride and acrylamide marketed under the name “MERQUAT 550®”.

(10) The quaternary diammonium polymer containing repeating units corresponding to the formula:

in which formula (VII):

R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃, which are identical or different, represent aliphatic, alicyclic or arylaliphatic radicals containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or lower aliphatic hydroxyalkyl radicals, or else R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃, together or separately, form, with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, heterocycles optionally containing a second heteroatom other than nitrogen, or else R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃ denote a linear or branched C₁-C₆ alkyl radical substituted by a nitrile, ester, acyl, amide or —CO—O—R₁₄-D or —CO—NH—R₁₄-D group where R₁₄ is an alkylene and D a quaternary ammonium group;

A₁ and B₁ represent polymethylene groups containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated and which may contain, bonded to or inserted into the main chain, one or more aromatic rings, or one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms or sulfoxide, sulfone, disulfide, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, quaternary ammonium, ureido, amide or ester groups, and

X⁻ denotes an anion derived from an inorganic or organic acid;

A₁, R₁₀ and R₁₂, with the two nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, may form a piperazine ring; in addition, if A₁ denotes a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkylene or hydroxyalkylene radical, B₁ may also denote a group —(CH₂)_(n)—CO-D-OC—(CH₂)_(n)— in which D denotes:

a) a glycol residue of formula: —O-Z-O—, where Z denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical or a group corresponding to one of the following formulae: —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(x)—CH₂—CH₂— —[CH₂—CH(CH₃)—O]_(y)CH₂—CH(CH₃)—

where x and y denote an integer from 1 to 4, representing a defined and unique degree of polymerization, or any number from 1 to 4, representing a mean degree of polymerization;

b) a bis-secondary diamine residue such as a piperazine derivative;

c) a bis-primary diamine residue of formula: —NH—Y—NH—, where Y denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical or else the divalent radical —CH₂—CH₂—S—S—CH₂—CH₂—;

d) a ureylene group of formula: —NH—CO—NH—.

X³¹ is preferably an anion such as chloride or bromide.

These polymers have a number-average molecular mass which is generally between 1000 and 100 000.

Polymers of this type are described especially in French Patents 2,320,330, 2,270,846, 2,316,271, 2,336,434 and 2,413,907 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,273,780, 2,375,853, 2,388,614, 2,454,547, 3,206,462, 2,261,002, 2,271,378, 3,874,870, 4,001,432, 3,929,990, 3,966,904, 4,005,193, 4,025,617, 4,025,627, 4,025,653, 4,026,945 and 4,027,020.

It is possible to use more particularly the polymers which consist of repeating units corresponding to the following formula (VIII):

in which R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃, which are identical or different, denote an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms approximately, n and p are integers varying from 2 to 20 approximately and X⁻ is an anion derived from an inorganic or organic acid.

(11) The quaternary polyammonium polymers consisting of repeating units of formula (IX):

in which p denotes an integer varying from 1 to 6 approximately, D may be zero or may represent a group —(CH₂)_(r)—CO— in which r denotes a number equal to 4 or to 7, X⁻ is an anion. Such polymers may be prepared according to the methods described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,157,388, 4,702,906, 4,719,282. They are in particular described in Patent Application EP-A-122 324.

Among these, there may be mentioned for example the products “Mirapol A 15®”, “Mirapol AD1®”, “Mirapol AZ1®” and Mirapol 175®” sold by the company Miranol.

(12) Quaternary vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole polymers such as, for example, the products marketed under the names Luviquat FC 905®, FC 550® and FC 370® by the company B.A.S.F.

(13) Polyamines like the Polyquart H® sold by Henkel, referenced under the name of “Polyethylene glycol (15) Tallow Polyamine” in the CTFA dictionary.

(14) The crosslinked polymers of methacryloyloxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl)tri(C₁-C₄ alkyl)ammonium salts such as the polymers obtained by homopolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, or by copolymerization of acrylamide with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, the homo- or copolymerization being followed by crosslinking with a compound containing olefinic unsaturation, in particular methylenebisacrylamide. More particularly, it is possible to employ a crosslinked acrylamide/methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride copolymer (20/80 by weight) in the form of a dispersion containing 50% by weight of said copolymer in mineral oil. This dispersion is marketed under the name of “SALCARE® SC 92” by the company ALLIED COLLOIDS. It is also possible to employ a crosslinked methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride homopolymer containing approximately 50% by weight of the homopolymer in mineral oil or in a liquid ester. These dispersions are marketed under the names of “SALCARE® SC 95” and “SALCARE® SC 96” by the company ALLIED COLLOIDS.

Other cationic polymers that may be employed within the scope of the invention are polyalkyleneimines, in particular polyethyleneimines, polymers containing vinylpyridine or vinylpyridinium units, condensates of polyamines and of epichlorohydrin, quaternary polyureylenes and chitin derivatives.

Among all the cationic polymers which can be used in the context of the present invention, it is preferable to use the polymers of the families (9), (10) and (11) and still more preferably the following polymers:

-   -   1/the homopolymer of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (family         9);     -   2/the polymers containing the repeating units of formula (VIII)         described above (family 10) and for which

-   R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃ represent a methyl radical, n=3, p=6 and X=Cl,     and in particular those whose molecular weight, determined by gel     permeation chromatography, is between 9500 and 9900 [Polymer W     having the formula below]; R₁₀ and R₁₁ represent a methyl radical,     R₁₂ and R₁₃ represent an ethyl radical and n=p=3 and X=Br, and in     particular those whose molecular weight, determined by gel     permeation chromatography, is about 1200 [Polymer U having the     formula below].

Said polymers with the units (W) and (U) are prepared and described in French Patent 2 270 846.

-   -   3/the polymers containing the units of formula (IX) described         above (family 11), for which p is equal to 3, and,         a) D denotes the value zero, X denotes a chlorine atom, the         molecular mass measured by Carbon 13 NMR (¹³C NMR) being about         25 500; a polymer of this type is sold by the company MIRANOL         under the name MIRAPOL-AL5®,         b) D represents a group —(CH₂)₄—CO—, X denotes a chlorine atom,         the molecular mass measured by Carbon 13 NMR (¹³C NMR) being         about 5600; a polymer of this type is provided by the company         MIRANOL under the name MIRAPOL-AD1®,         c) D represents a group —(CH₂)₇—CO—, X denotes a chlorine atom,         the molecular mass measured by Carbon 13 NMR (¹³C NMR) being         about 8100; a polymer of this type is provided by the company         MIRANOL under the name MIRAPOL-AZ1®,         d) a “Block Copolymer” consisting of units corresponding to the         polymers described in paragraphs a) and b), provided by the         company MIRANOL under the names MIRAPOL-9®, (molecular mass ¹³C         NMR, about 7800), MIRAPOL-175®, (molecular mass ¹³C NMR, about         8000), MIRAPOL-95®, (molecular mass ¹³C NMR, about 12 500).         Still more particularly, the polymer containing the units of         formula (IX) are preferred according to the invention in which p         is equal to 3, D denotes the value zero, X denotes a chlorine         atom, the molecular mass measured by Carbon 13 NMR (¹³C NMR)         being about 25 500 (Mirapol-A15®).         Amphoteric Polymers

The amphoteric polymers which can be used in accordance with the present invention may be chosen from the polymers containing K and M units distributed statistically in the polymer chain where K denotes a unit which is derived from a monomer containing at least one basic nitrogen atom and M denotes a unit which is derived from an acidic monomer containing one or more carboxylic or sulfonic groups or alternatively K and M may denote groups which are derived from zwitterionic monomers of carboxybetaines or of sulfobetaines;

K and M may also denote a cationic polymer chain containing primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups, in which at least one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulfonic group linked via a hydrocarbon radical or alternatively K and M form part of a chain of a polymer with an α,β-dicarboxylic ethylene unit in which one of the carboxylic groups has been caused to react with a polyamine containing one or more primary or secondary amine groups.

The amphoteric polymers corresponding to the definition given above which are more particularly preferred are chosen from the following polymers:

(1) The polymers resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer derived from a vinyl compound carrying a carboxylic group such as more particularly acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, alpha-chloroacrylic acid, and of a basic monomer derived from a substituted vinyl compound containing at least one basic atom such as more particularly dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate and acrylate, dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide and acrylamide. Such compounds are described in American Patent No. 3,836,537. Mention may also be made of the sodium acrylate/acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride copolymer sold under the name POLYQUART KE 3033® by the company HENKEL.

The vinyl compound may also be a dialkyldiallylammonium salt such as dimethyldiallylammonium chloride. The copolymers of acrylic acid and of the latter monomer are provided under the names MERQUAT 280® and MERQUAT 295® by the company CALGON.

(2) The polymers containing units which are derived from:

-   -   a) at least one monomer chosen from acrylamides or         methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen by an alkyl radical,     -   b) at least one acidic comonomer containing one or more reactive         carboxylic groups, and     -   c) at least one basic comonomer such as esters with primary,         secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine substituents of acrylic         and methacrylic acids and the product of quaternization of         dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with dimethyl or diethyl         sulfate.

The N-substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides most particularly preferred according to the invention are groups whose alkyl radicals contain from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and more particularly N-ethylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-tert-octylacrylamide, N-octylacrylamide, N-decylacrylamide, N-dodecylacrylamide as well as the corresponding methacrylamides.

The acidic comonomers are chosen more particularly from acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, itaconic, maleic and fumaric acids as well as the alkyl monoesters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of maleic or fumaric anhydrides or acids.

The preferred basic comonomers are methacrylates of aminoethyl, butylaminoethyl, N,N′-dimethylaminoethyl, N-tert-butylaminoethyl.

Particularly used are the copolymers whose CTFA name (4th ed. 1991) is Octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer such as the products sold under the name AMPHOMER® or LOVOCRYL 47® by the company NATIONAL STARCH.

(3) The partially or completely alkylated and crosslinked polyaminoamides derived from polyaminoamides of general formula:

in which R₁₉ represents a divalent radical derived from a saturated dicarboxylic acid, a mono- or dicarboxylic aliphatic acid with ethylenic double bond, an ester of a lower alkanol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of these acids or a radical which is derived from the addition of any one of said acids with a bis-primary or bis-secondary amine, and Z denotes a radical of a bis-primary, mono- or bis-secondary polyalkylene-polyamine and preferably represents:

a) in the proportions of 60 to 100 mol %, the radical

where x=2 and p=2 or 3, or alternatively x=3 and p=2 this radical being derived from diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine or dipropylenetriamine;

b) in the proportions of 0 to 40 mol %, the radical (XI) above, in which x=2 and p=1 and which is derived from ethylenediamine, or the radical which is derived from piperazine:

c) in the proportions of 0 to 20 mol %, the radical —NH—(CH₂)₆—NH— which is derived from hexamethylenediamine, these polyaminoamines being crosslinked by adding a bifunctional crosslinking agent chosen from the epihalohydrins, diepoxides, dianhydrides, diunsaturated derivatives, by means of 0.025 to 0.35 mol of crosslinking agent per amine group of the polyaminoamide and alkylated by the action of acrylic acid, chloroacetic acid or of an alkanesultone or of their salts.

The saturated carboxylic acids are preferably chosen from the acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as adipic, 2,2,4-trimethyladipic and 2,4,4-trimethyladipic acid, terephthalic acid, the acids with an ethylene double bond such as for example acrylic, methacrylic and itaconic acids.

The alkanesultones used in the alkylation are preferably propane or butanesultone, the salts of the alkylating agents are preferably the sodium or potassium salts.

4) The polymers containing zwitterionic units of formula:

in which R₂₀ denotes a polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide group, y and z represent an integer from 1 to 3, R₂₁ and R₂₂ represent a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl or propyl, R₂₃ and R₂₄ represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical such that the sum of the carbon atoms in R₂₃ and R₂₄ does not exceed 10.

The polymers comprising such units may also comprise units derived from nonzwitterionic monomers such as dimethyl or diethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate or alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides or vinyl acetate.

By way of example, there may be mentioned the copolymer of butyl methacrylate/dimethylcarboxymethylammonioethyl methacrylate such as the product sold under the name DIAFORMER Z301® by the company SANDOZ.

(5) The polymers derived from chitosan which are described in particular in French Patent No. 2,137,684 or U.S. Pat. No. 3,879,376, containing monomeric units corresponding to the following formulae (XIII), (XIV), (XV) combined in their chain:

the (XIII) unit being present in proportions of between 0 and 30%, the (XIV) unit in proportions of between 5 and 50% and the (XV) unit in proportions of between 30 and 90%, it being understood that in this (XV) unit, R₂₅ represents a radical of formula:

in which q denotes 0 or 1;

-   if q=0, R₂₆, R₂₇ and R₂₈, which are identical or different, each     represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl, hydroxyl, acetoxy or amino     residue, a monoalkylamine residue or a dialkylamine residue     optionally interrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms and/or     optionally substituted with one or more amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl,     alkylthio or sulfonic groups, or an alkylthio residue whose alkyl     group carries an amino residue, at least one of the R₂₆, R₂₇ and R₂₈     radicals being in this case a hydrogen atom; -   or if q=1, R₂₆, R₂₇ and R₂₈ each represent a hydrogen atom, as well     as the salts formed by these compounds with bases or acids.

Polymers of this type which are more particularly preferred contain from 0 to 20% by weight of units (XIII), from 40 to 50% by weight of units (XIV), and from 40 to 50% by weight of units (XV) in which R₂₅ denotes the radical —CH₂—CH₂—;

(6) The polymers derived from the N-carboxyalkylation of chitosan such as N-carboxymethyl chitosan or N-carboxybutyl chitosan sold under the name “EVALSAN®” by the company JAN DEKKER.

(7) The polymers corresponding to the general formula (XI) such as those described for example in French Patent 1,400,366:

in which R₂₉ represents a hydrogen atom, a CH₃O, CH₃CH₂O or phenyl radical, R₃₀ denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such as methyl or ethyl, R₃₁ denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such as methyl or ethyl, R₃₂ denotes a lower alkyl radical such as methyl or ethyl or a radical corresponding to the formula: —R₃₃—N(R₃₁)₂, R₃₃ representing a group —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂— or —CH₂—CH(CH₃)—, R₃₁ having the meanings mentioned above, as well as the higher homologs of these radicals and containing up to 6 carbon atoms, r is such that the molecular weight is between 500 and 6 000 000, and preferably between 1000 and 1 000 000.

(8) Amphoteric polymers of the -D-X-D-X— type chosen from:

a) the polymers obtained by the action of chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate on the compounds containing at least one unit of formula: -D-X-D-X-D-  (XVII) where D denotes a radical

and X denotes the symbol E or E′, E or E′, which are identical or different, denote a bivalent radical which is an alkylene radical with a linear or branched chain containing up to 7 carbon atoms in the principal chain which is unsubstituted or substituted with hydroxyl groups and which may contain, in addition, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms, 1 to 3 aromatic and/or heterocyclic rings; the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms being present in the form of ether, thioether, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonium, alkylamine or alkenylamine groups, or hydroxyl, benzylamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium, amide, imide, alcohol, ester and/or urethane groups;

b) the polymers of formula: -D-X-D-X—  (XVIII) where D denotes a radical

and X denotes the symbol E or E′ and at least once E′; E having the meaning indicated above and E′ is a bivalent radical which is an alkylene radical with a linear or branched chain having up to 7 carbon atoms in the principal chain, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxyl radicals and containing one or more nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen atom being substituted with an alkyl chain optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom and necessarily containing one or more carboxyl functional groups or one or more hydroxyl functional groups and betainized by reaction with chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate.

(9) The copolymers (C₁-C₅)alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride partially modified by semiamidation with an N,N-dialkylaminoalkylamine such as N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine or by semiesterification with an N,N-dialkanolamine. These copolymers may also contain other vinyl comonomers such as vinylcaprolactam.

Among all the amphoteric polymers which can be used in the context of the present invention, it is preferable to use the polymers of the family (1), and in particular the copolymers of acrylic acid and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride.

According to the invention, the cationic or amphoteric polymer(s) differing from the cationic or amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention may represent about 0.01% to 10% by weight, preferably 0.05% to 5% by weight, and still more preferably 0.1% to 3% by weight, of the total weight of the composition.

The dye composition may also comprise an effective quantity of other agents, which are moreover already known in oxidation dyeing, such as various customary adjuvants such as sequestrants such as EDTA, etidronic acid, UV-screening agents, waxes, volatile or nonvolatile silicones which are cyclic or linear or branched, organomodified (in particular with amine groups) or otherwise, preservatives, ceramides, pseudoceramides, vegetable, mineral or synthetic oils, vitamins or provitamins such as panthenol, and the like.

The dye composition may also comprise other agents for adjusting the rheology, such as cellulosic thickeners (hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and the like), guar gum and its derivatives (hydroxypropylguar, and the like), gums of microbial origin (xanthan gum, scleroglucan gum, and the like), synthetic thickeners such as crosslinked homopolymers of acrylic acid or acrylamidopropanesulfonic acid.

These supplementary thickeners may represent from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

Said composition may also comprise reducing agents or antioxidants. These may be chosen in particular from sodium metabisulfite, thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, sodium bisulfite, dehydroascorbic acid, hydroquinone, 2-methylhydroquinone, tertbutylhydroquinone and homogentisic acid, and they are then generally present in quantities ranging from about 0.05 to 3% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

Of course, persons skilled in the art will be careful to choose the possible additional compound(s) mentioned above so that the advantageous properties intrinsically attached to the dye composition according to the invention are not, or not substantially, impaired by the addition(s) envisaged.

In the ready-to-use composition or in the oxidizing composition, the oxidizing agent is preferably chosen from the group consisting of urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates or ferricyanides, persalts such as perborates and persulfates. The use of hydrogen peroxide is particularly preferred. This oxidizing agent advantageously consists of a solution of hydrogen peroxide whose titer may vary more particularly from about 1 to 40 volumes, and still more preferably from about 5 to 40.

It is also possible to use, as oxidizing agent, one or more oxidoreduction enzymes such as oxidoreductases containing 4 electrons (such as laccases), peroxidases and oxidoreductases containing 2 electrons (such as uricase), where appropriate in the presence of their respective donor or cofactor.

The pH of the ready-to-use composition applied to the keratinous fibers [composition resulting from mixing the dye composition and the oxidizing composition] is generally between the values 3 and 12. It is preferably between 8.5 and 11, and may be adjusted to the desired value by means of acidifying or alkalinizing agents well known in the state of the art for dyeing keratinous fibers.

Among the alkalinizing agents, there may be mentioned, by way of example, aqueous ammonia, alkali metal carbonates, alkanolamines such as mono-, di- and triethanolamines and their derivatives, sodium or potassium hydroxides and compounds of the following formula (VI):

in which R is a propylene residue optionally substituted with a hydroxyl group or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical; R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃ and R₁₄, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl radical.

The acidifying agents are conventionally, by way of example, inorganic or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoric acid, carboxylic acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, or sulfonic acids.

The dyeing method according to the invention preferably consists in applying a mixture, freshly prepared at the time of use (ready-to-use composition) from the dye and oxidizing compositions described above, to dry or wet keratinous fibers, and in allowing it to act for a leave-in time preferably varying from 1 to 60 minutes approximately, and more preferably from 5 to 45 minutes approximately, in rinsing the fibers, and then optionally in washing them with shampoo, and then in rinsing them again, and in drying them.

Concrete examples illustrating the invention will now be given without, however, being limiting.

EXAMPLE 1

The following cationic associative polyurethane was synthesized: Reagents: polyethylene oxide (PEG) (M_(n) 10 000): 0.010 mol methylenedicyclohexyl diisocyanate: 0.018 mol N,N-dimethylethanolamine: 0.020 mol stearyl bromide: 0.024 mol tin octanoate (catalyst): 0.2%

0.010 mol (100 g) of polyethylene oxide (PEG) having a number-average mass of 10 000 was solubilized in 105 g of THF containing 0.2% of tin octanoate (catalyst), and then 0.018 mol (4.71 g) of methylenedicyclohexyl diisocyanate was added dropwise. The reaction medium was heated for 15 hours at the reflux temperature of THF, 100 ml of THF being added after 6 hours. During the reaction, partial disappearance of the NCO band of the isocyanate was observed in FTIR and the appearance of the CO and NH bands of the amide bonds formed was observed. The medium was very viscous and transparent.

0.020 mol (1.78 g) of N,N-dimethylethanolamine was then added and the reaction was allowed to continue for 4 hours at the reflux temperature of THF until complete disappearance of the NCO band and of the OH band of alcohol.

For the quaternization, 0.024 mol (8 g) of stearyl bromide was added to the reaction mixture, that is to say an excess of 20 mol % relative to N,N-dimethylethanolamine, followed by 100 g of THF in order to fluidity the very viscous reaction medium. The heating at the reflux temperature of THF was continued for an additional 36 hours.

The polymer obtained was precipitated from petroleum ether, filtered and dried under vacuum at 40° C. for 24 hours. A crumbly white powder was thus obtained.

A number-average mass of 70 000 and a weight-average mass of 115 000 was measured by gel permeation chromatography in aqueous medium (calibration with polystyrene), which corresponded to a polydispersity value of 1.65.

EXAMPLE 2

The following dye composition in accordance with the invention was prepared:

Mixture of C18 to C24 linear alcohols 3 [C18/C20/C22/C24: 7/58/30/6 - alcohol content > 95%] Mixture of oxyethylenated C18 to C24 linear alcohols 1 [C18/C20/C22/C24: 7/58/30/6 - alcohol content > 95%] (30 EO) Oxyethylenated stearyl alcohol (2 EO) 4.5 Oxyethylenated stearyl alcohol (21 EO) 1.75 Oleic acid 2.6 Crosslinked polyacrylic acid (Carbopol 980 from GOODRICH) 0.6 Cationic associative polyurethane of Example 1 3.5 AS* Mica-titanium: FLONAC FS20C from the company ECKART 0.25 Monoisopropanolamide of copra acids 3 Cationic polymer W according to the invention 4 AS* Hexylene glycol 6 Sodium metabisulfite 0.71 EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) 0.2 tert-Butylhydroquinone 0.3 1,4-Diaminobenzene 0.2 Para-aminophenol 1.2 1,3-Dihydroxybenzene 0.1 1-Hydroxy-3-aminobenzene 0.2 1-Methyl-2-hydroxy-4-β-hydroxyethylaminobenzene 0.8 Monoethanolamine 1 Aqueous ammonia containing 20% of NH₃ 11 Perfume qs Demineralized water qs 100 (expressed in grams) AS* denotes Active Substance

Oxidizing composition: Fatty alcohol 2.3 Oxyethylenated fatty alcohol 0.6 Fatty amide 0.9 Glycerin 0.5 Hydrogen peroxide 7.5 Perfume qs Demineralized water qs 100

Said dye composition was mixed, at the time of use, in a plastic bowl with the oxidizing composition given above, in an amount of 1 part of dye composition per 1.5 parts of oxidizing composition. The mixture composition is a very creamy and pearlescent product having a very esthetic appearance.

The mixture obtained was applied to locks of natural hair which was 90% white and left in for 30 minutes.

The locks were then rinsed with water, they were washed with standard shampoo and again rinsed with water, and then dried and disentangled.

The hair was dyed in a coppery red light chestnut brown shade.

EXAMPLE 3

The following dye composition in accordance with the invention was prepared:

Mixture of C18 to C24 linear alcohols 3 [C18/C20/C22/C24: 7/58/30/6 - alcohol content > 95%] Mixture of oxyethylenated C18 to C24 linear alcohols 1 [C18/C20/C22/C24: 7/58/30/6 - alcohol content > 95%] (30 EO) Oxyethylenated stearyl alcohol (2 EO) 4.5 Oxyethylenated stearyl alcohol (21 EO) 1.75 Oleic acid 2.6 Crosslinked polyacrylic acid (Carbopol 980 from GOODRICH) 0.6 Aculyn 44 or Aculyn 46 sold by ROHM & HAAS 4 Untreated titanium oxide coated with 0.3 polymethylhydrogenosiloxane sold under the trade name Cosmetic White SA-C47-051-10 by the company MYOSHI Monoisopropanolamide of copra acids 3 Cationic polymer W according to the invention 4 AS* Hexylene glycol 6 Sodium metabisulfite 0.71 EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) 0.2 tert-Butylhydroguinone 0.3 1,4-Diaminobenzene 0.2 Para-aminophenol 1.2 1,3-Dihydroxybenzene 0.1 1-Hydroxy-3-aminobenzene 0.2 1-Methyl-2-hydroxy-4-β-hydroxyethylaminobenzene 0.8 Monoethanolamine 1 Aqueous ammonia containing 20% of NH₃ 11 Perfume qs Demineralized water qs 100 (expressed in grams) AS* denotes Active Substance

Oxidizing composition: Fatty alcohol 2.3 Oxyethylenated fatty alcohol 0.6 Fatty amide 0.9 Glycerin 0.5 Hydrogen peroxide 7.5 Perfume qs Demineralized water qs 100

Said dye composition was mixed, at the time of use, in a plastic bowl with the oxidizing composition given above, in an amount of 1 part of dye composition per 1.5 parts of oxidizing composition. The mixture composition is a very creamy and pearlescent product having a very esthetic appearance.

The mixture obtained was applied to locks of natural hair which was 90% white and left in for 30 minutes. The locks were then rinsed with water, they were washed with standard shampoo and again rinsed with water, and then dried and disentangled.

The hair was dyed in a coppery red light chestnut brown shade.

An oxidation dye composition identical to that of this Example 3, obtained by replacing the coated titanium oxide with mica-titanium having the trade name Mattina Green sold by the company ENGELHARD, gave identical performance in terms of appearance of the product and intensity of the dyeing.

EXAMPLE 4

The composition of Example 3 containing coated titanium oxide was reproduced, replacing the 4 grams of Aculyn 44® or Aculyn 46® with 3.8 g AS of Pemulen TR1® sold by GOODRICH. By following the same protocol as in Example 3, the oxidation dye composition obtained gave identical performance in terms of appearance of the product and intensity of the dyeing.

EXAMPLE 5

The composition of Example 3 containing coated titanium oxide was reproduced, replacing the 4 grams of Aculyn 44® or Aculyn 46® with 3.8 g AS of Quatrisoft LM200® sold by AMERCHOL. By following the same protocol as in Example 3, the oxidation dye composition obtained gave identical performance in terms of appearance of the product and intensity of the dyeing. 

1. A composition for oxidation dyeing of keratinous fibers, comprising, in an appropriate medium for dyeing, at least one oxidation dye, at least one associative polymer, and at least one pearling agent chosen from coated and uncoated titanium oxides and mica-titaniums.
 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the keratinous fibers are human keratinous fibers.
 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the human keratinous fibers are hair.
 4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pearling agent is present in an amount ranging from 0.05 to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
 5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the at least one pearling agent is present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 1% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one oxidation dye is chosen from oxidation bases and couplers.
 7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the at least one oxidation dye is chosen from oxidation bases.
 8. The composition according to claim 7, wherein the oxidation bases are chosen from ortho-phenylenediamines, para-phenylenediamines, double bases, ortho-aminophenols, para-aminophenols, heterocyclic bases, and the acid addition salts thereof.
 9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the oxidation bases are present in an amount ranging from 0.0005 to 12% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
 10. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the couplers are chosen from meta-aminophenols, meta-phenylenediamines, meta-diphenols, naphthols, heterocyclic couplers, and the acid addition salts thereof.
 11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the couplers are present in an amount ranging from 0.0001 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
 12. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the acid addition salts of the oxidation bases are chosen from hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, tartrates, lactates, and acetates.
 13. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the acid addition salts of the couplers are chosen from hydroch/orides, hydrobromides, sulfates, tartrates, lactates, and acetates.
 14. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one oxidizing agent.
 15. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one direct dye present in an amount ranging from 0.001 to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
 16. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one associative polymer is present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
 17. The composition according to claim 16, wherein the at least one associative polymer is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
 18. The composition according to claim 17, wherein the at least one associative polymer is present in an amount ranging from 1 to 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
 19. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least additional polymer chosen from cationic and amphoteric polymers other than the at least one associative polymer.
 20. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the at least additional polymer is chosen from: homopolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride; polymers comprising repeating units chosen from units of the following formulae (W) and (U):

polymers comprising at least one unit of the following formula (IX):

wherein p is equal to 3, and, a) D is equal to zero, X is a chlorine atom, b) D is a group —(CH₂)₄—CO—, X is a chlorine atom, or c) D is a group —(CH₂)₇—CO—, X is a chlorine atom, block copolymers formed from units corresponding to the units of formula (IX) wherein p is equal to 3, and a) D is equal to zero, X is a chlorine atom, and b) D is a group —(CH₂)₄—CO—, X is a chlorine atom; and copolymers of acrylic acid and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride.
 21. The composition according to claim 19, wherein the at least one additional polymer is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
 22. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one surf actant chosen from anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, and zwitterionic surfactants.
 23. The composition according to claim 22, wherein the at least one surfactant chosen from anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, and zwitterionic surfactants is present in an amount of at least 0.01% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
 24. The composition according to claim 22, wherein the at least one surfactant is chosen from nonionic surfactants.
 25. The composition according to claim 14, wherein the pH of the composition ranges from 3 to
 12. 26. The composition according to claim 25, wherein the pH of the composition ranges from 8.5 to
 11. 27. The composition according to claim 14, wherein the at least one oxidizing agent is chosen from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates and ferricyanides, persalts, and oxidoreduction enzymes optionally with the respective donor or cofactor thereof.
 28. The composition according to claim 27, wherein the at least one oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.
 29. The composition according to claim 28, wherein the at least one oxidizing agent is a hydrogen peroxide solution whose titer ranges from 1 to 40 volumes.
 30. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one associative polymer is chosen from anionic, nonionic, cationic, and amphoteric polymers.
 31. The composition according to claim 30, wherein the at least one associative polymer is nonionic and chosen from polyether-polyurethanes.
 32. The composition according to claim 31, wherein the polyether-polyurethanes are chosen from polycondensates of (i) polyethylene glycol comprising 150 or 180 mol of ethylene oxide, (ii) stearyl alcohol and (iii) at least one diisocyanate.
 33. The composition according to claim 32, wherein the polyether-polyurethanes are chosen from polycondensates of (i) polyethylene glycol comprising 150 or 180 mol of ethylene oxide, (ii) stearyl alcohol and (iii) methylenebis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (SMDI) in an amount of 15% by weight, in a matrix of 4% by weight of maltodextrin and 81% by weight of water, wherein the weight percentages are relative to the total weight of the matrix.
 34. The composition according to claim 31, wherein the polyether-polyurethanes are chosen from polycondensates of (i) polyethylene glycol comprising 150 or 180 mol of ethylene oxide, (ii) decyl alcohol and (iii) at least one diisocyanate.
 35. The composition according to claim 34, wherein the polyether-polyurethanes are chosen from polycondensates of (i) polyethylene glycol comprising 150 or 180 mol of ethylene oxide, (ii) decyl alcohol and (iii) methylenebis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (SMDI) in an amount of 35% by weight, in a mixture of 39% by weight of propylene glycol and 26% by weight of water, wherein the weight percentages are relative to the total weight of the mixture.
 36. A method for oxidation dyeing of keratinous fibers, comprising: applying to the keratinous fibers a dye composition comprising, in an appropriate medium for dyeing, at least one oxidation dye, and at least one pearling agent chosen from coated and uncoated titanium oxides and mica-titaniums, applying to the keratinous fibers an oxidizing composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent, wherein: a color is developed at alkaline, neutral, or acidic pH; the dye composition is mixed with the oxidizing composition at the time of use or the oxidizing composition is applied sequentially with no intermediate rinsing, and at least one of the dye composition and the oxidizing composition further comprises at least one associative polymer.
 37. The method according to claim 36, wherein the keratinous fibers are human keratinous fibers.
 38. The method according to claim 37, wherein the human keratinous fibers are hair.
 39. The method according to claim 36, wherein the at least one associative polymer is present in the dye composition.
 40. The method according to claim 36, further comprising: applying to dry or wet keratinous fibers a ready-to-use composition prepared extemporaneously at the time of use comprising the dye composition and the oxidizing composition, allowing the ready-to-use composition to act for a leave-in time ranging from 1 to 60 minutes, rinsing the keratinous fibers, optionally washing the keratinous fibers with shampoo, further rinsing the keratinous fibers, and drying the keratinous fibers.
 41. The method according to claim 40, wherein the leave-in time for the ready-to-use composition on the keratinous fibers to act ranges from 5 to 45 minutes.
 42. A two-compartment device for dyeing keratinous fibers, comprising a compartment comprising a dye composition comprising, in an appropriate medium for dyeing, at least one oxidation dye and at least one pearling agent chosen from coated and uncoated titanium oxides and mica-titaniums, and another compartment comprising an oxidizing composition comprising, in an appropriate medium for dyeing, at least one oxidizing agent, wherein at least one of the dye composition and the oxidizing composition further comprises at least one associative polymer. 